Friday, November 14, 2014
Thursday, October 16, 2014
5 Fastest Trains in the world
Here are some of existing trains which are already in the market.
5. TGV Réseau, France
In service since 1992, France’s high-speed train generally runs at about 199 mph, with a maximum speed of 236 mph.
4. Shinkansen Train, Japan
Japan’s famed bullet train, the Shinkansen, is nicknamed “The Duck-Billed Platypus” because of the duck-like shape of its nose. Japan’s high-speed rail network includes more than 1,400 miles of track, where the bullet trains top out at about 275 mph.
3. Transrapid TR-09, Germany
Another “mag-lev” train, this one runs on a monorail at a top speed of 279 mph. Formerly the world’s fastest, the Transrapid runs from the Munich airport.
2. China Railways CRH380A, China
This train runs on a traditional track and has traveled at speeds of up to 302 mph. There are currently four models of the train serving different railroad lines in China. Its highest speed while in operation is 236 mph and routinely runs at 217 mph.
1. Shanghai Maglev Train, China
The Shanghai Maglev in China has been in operation since 2003. It connects Shanghai Pudong International Airport with the Shanghai metro system. The highest speed ever recorded has been 311 mph. It has a a top operating speed of 268 mph, making it the world’s fastest commercial train.
9 Famous engineering mistakes
Engineers
are often prone to making mistakes. That is why we constantly have to
check and double-check everything that we do. It is this type of keen
focus on what we do that allowed generations of past engineers to create
some of the most remarkable engineering projects.
However, details are sometimes overlooked, numbers misrepresented or
even units misread. While some of these mistakes are miniscule and can
be corrected, history has witnessed some colossal oversights that led to
huge disasters and in some cases, popular travel destinations.
The Leaning Tower of Pisa
One of the world’s greatest attractions is actually a result of an
engineering error. For over 800 years, the leaning tower of Pisa
continues to draw worldwide attention and is a popular destination for
tourists. Construction began in 1173 on an unstable foundation that
comprised of mud, sand and clay. When engineers got to the third floor,
the tower began to sink into the soft soil and lean on one side. They
tried to fix the problem by making the columns and arches of the third
story on the sinking northern side slightly taller. However,
construction halted due to political unrest and only resumed a century
later. The tower was closed in 1990 for safety reasons and millions of
dollars were poured in to stabilize the structure and set it back to the
position it had in 1838. Engineers added cables to stabilize the
structure, then excavated under the tower and added trusses and
counterweights.
Tacoma Narrows Bridge
Known as the “Galloping Gertie”, the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge
was opened in July 1940 and at the time it was the third longest
suspension bridge in the world. Its nickname was derived from the
bridge’s sensitivity to high winds, causing it to sway and vibrate. Just
four months after opening, the structure collapsed though its only
fatality was a black Cocker Spaniel. Engineers failed to account for the
aerodynamic forces within the location, especially during periods of
strong winds. Thus the bridge was vulnerable to vibrations generated by
wind. A replacement bridge was constructed ten years later, after the
end of the Second World War. The remains of the original bridge remain
at the bottom of Puget Sound, where they form one of the largest
man-made reefs in the world.
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
On 26 April 1986, a structurally unsound reactor in the Chernobyl
Nuclear Power Plant, located in Ukraine, exploded. It was the worst
nuclear power plant disaster in history, resulting in a severe nuclear
meltdown. Highly radioactive materials were discharged into the
atmosphere and over an extensive geographical region following the
explosion. It spread to as far as Italy and to date over 500,000 deaths
have been linked to this catastrophe. By May, about 116,000 people that
had been living within a 30-kilometre radius had been evacuated and
later relocated to safer regions. The accident was caused by a flawed
reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel and
poor safety regulations.
Hyatt Regency Hotel Walkway
2,000 dancers gathered in the atrium of the Hyatt Regency Hotel on
July 17, 1981 to partake in a dance contest. Visitors gathered on three
walkways suspended from the ceiling so that they could observe the
festivities in the lobby below. As the night wore on, two of these
suspended walkways collapsed, killing 114 people and injuring 216 more.
Investigations into the collapse revealed serious design flaws in the
structure that were as a result of miscommunication between the
engineering firm, Jack D. Gillum and Associates, and the Havens Steel
construction company. The engineers who had signed off on the plans lost
their licenses and the owner of the hotel paid over $140 million in
legal claims to the victims or their families.
New Orleans Canal and Levee System
In 2005 Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, devastating the city and
flooding about 80 percent of the region, killing thousands and
displacing several families. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers were found
liable for this devastation which was compounded by an antiquated levee
and canal system that protected the city. The levees failed because
they were built in a disjointed fashion, were inconsistent in quality,
materials and design and outdated data was used that left gaps exploited
by the storm. Additionally, engineers did not take into account the
poor soil quality underneath New Orleans. Since then the U.S. government
has spent more than $15 billion to upgrade the system.
Deepwater Horizon Spill
One of the worst environmental disasters in U.S. history, the
Deepwater Horizon occurred in April 2010 after an explosion tore through
a British Petroleum drilling rig. 11 crew members were killed and it is
estimated that 180 million gallons of oil was released into the gulf.
Over 8,000 animals were reported dead just 6 months after the spill and
16,000 total miles of coastline were affected, including the coasts of
Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. Mechanical failure
as well as human error led to this colossal catastrophe. The engineers
repeatedly ignored the well’s orneriness and chose to take quicker,
cheaper and ultimately more dangerous actions that eventually led to the
total well blowout.
Space Shuttle Challenger
Just a few seconds after the space shuttle challenger was launched in
January 1986, it broke apart and killed everyone aboard. It resulted
due to the failure of the solid rocket booster O-rings to seal properly,
allowing hot combustion gases to leak from the side of the booster and
burn through the external fuel tank. Though the problems with the
O-rings had been known for nine years, engineers continued to ignore it
as they assumed safety was ensured with the presence of the second ring.
Eager to launch the shuttle, NASA managers also ignored warnings from
engineers that low temperatures could exacerbate the problem.
Banqiao Reservoir Dam
Built in the early 1950s as party of a huge project to control
flooding and produce electricity in central China, the Banqiao Reservoir
Dam could hold back almost 500 million cubic meters of water. A
hydrologist called Chen Xing warned that overbuilding of dams (over 100
were built in that period) and reservoirs could raise the water table in
Henan beyond safe levels and lead to disaster. Furthermore, the dam was
only built with 5 sluice gates when Xing warned that it needed at least
12. In August 1975, Typhoon Nina dropped more than a year’s worth of
rain in just 24 hours and the dam failed. It released the equivalent of
280,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools, taking with it entire towns and
killing as many as 171,000.
The Boston Molasses Disaster
Towering over Boston’s North End, construction ended on a massive
molasses tank that stood 50 feet tall, 90 feet in diameter, and held
more than 2 million gallons of molasses. The tank would help sate the
USA’s appetite for industrial alcohol, largely for use in the munitions
business. However, in their haste to make a profit, the owners
overlooked the wisdom in hiring skilled engineers and instead sought out
a man who was unable to read blueprints or even order a simple stress
test. As a result, the tank exploded without warning and caused a wave
of molasses and debris to travel down the street at 35 miles per hour.
At 25 feet high, it ripped buildings off their foundations, killed 21
people and injured 150 others.
SAP 200 AND VIDEO TUTORIAL
The SAP name has been synonymous with state-of- the-art analytical methods since its introduction over 30 years ago.
SAP2000
follows in the same tradition featuring a very sophisticated, intuitive
and versatile user interface powered by an unmatched analysis engine
and design tools for engineers working on transportation, industrial,
public works, sports, and other facilities.
From
its 3D object based graphical modeling environment to the wide variety
of analysis and design options completely integrated across one powerful
user interface, SAP2000 has proven to be the most integrated,
productive and practical general purpose structural program on the
market today. This intuitive interface allows you to create structural
models rapidly and intuitively without long learning curve delays.
Now
you can harness the power of SAP2000 for all of your analysis and
design tasks, including small day-to-day problems. Complex Models can be
generated and meshed with powerful built in templates.
Integrated
design code features can automatically generate wind, wave, bridge, and
seismic loads with comprehensive automatic steel and concrete design
code checks per US, Canadian and international design standards.
Advanced
analytical techniques allow for step-by- step large deformation
analysis, Eigen and Ritz analyses based on stiffness of nonlinear cases,
catenary cable analysis, material nonlinear analysis with fiber hinges,
multi-layered nonlinear shell element, buckling analysis, progressive
collapse analysis, energy methods for drift control, velocity-dependent
dampers, base isolators, support plasticity and nonlinear segmental
construction analysis.
Nonlinear
analyses can be static and/or time history, with options for FNA
nonlinear time history dynamic analysis and direct integration. From a
simple small 2D static frame analysis to a large complex 3D nonlinear
dynamic analysis, SAP2000 is the easiest, most productive solution for
your structural analysis and design needs.
Wednesday, October 15, 2014
Tuesday, October 14, 2014
Download Auto Cad 2007 Full Version
Auto cad is an expensive software. You can download auto cad 2007 full version with crack free here .
Feature Of Auto cad 2007 :
- New 3D Modeling Capabilities
- User Friendly Inter face
- Navigation and UCS Tools
- Improvements in Rendering and Visualization
- Dynamic blocks,More flexible and Productive
- Str Analysis and Conclusions
- Lengths and Limitations
System Requrements Autocad 2007:
- Operating System : Windows XP , SEVEN , EIGHT
- Ram : 512 KB
- Hard Disk : 750 GB
- Graphics : 1024x768 VGA with true colour
- Processor : Intel Pentium IV, or compatible
How To Set Up/Install Autocad 2007 Full Crack:
- 1.Extract using CD1 and CD2. 2.Install the application using the given Serial
- 3.Don't start the application yet.
- 4.Copy the .dll files from the CRACK folder into autocad program directory.
- 5.Over-right the old one
- 6.Delet the "AutoCADTemp" folder from C drive. (C:\AutoCADTemp)
- 7. Start the program using the desktop shortcut.
Click below to download:
Download Link
Friday, July 18, 2014
Reinforced Concrete Buildings
In recent times, reinforced concrete buildings have become common in Nepal, particularly in towns and cities. Reinforced concrete (or simply RC) consists of two primary materials, namely concrete with reinforcing steel bars. Concrete is made of sand, crushed stone (called aggregates) and cement, all mixed with pre-determined amount of water. Concrete can be molded into any desired shape, and steel bars can be bent into many shapes. Thus, structures of complex shapes are possible with RC.
A typical RC building is made of horizontal members (beams and slabs) and vertical members (columns and walls), and supported by foundations that rest on ground. The system comprising of RC columns and connecting beams is called a RC Frame. The forces travel downwards – through slab and beams to columns and walls, and then to the foundations from where they are dispersed to the ground. As inertia forces accumulate downwards from the top of the building, the columns and walls at lower storeys experience higher earthquake-induced forces and are therefore designed to be stronger than those in storeys above.
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